Ingredients

Juniper: Juniperus communis

Parts Used: Berries

Active Compounds (107 in number)

• Volatile oil
  myrcene, sabinene, pinenes, 1,4-cineole, p-cymene, camphene, limonene, terpinyl acetate, 4-terpineol, terpinene, cadinenes, and thujone.
• Sesquiterpene
  caryophylene, elemene
• Diterpenes
  geijerone D
• Diterpenes acids
  ommunic, communic, sandaracopimaric, isopimaric, and torulosic
• Tannins
  afzelechin, catechin, and gallocatechin types
• Miscellaneous
  sugars, resin, vitamin C

History

Compounds in Juniper that block production of positive slow fiber (C-fiber) neurotransmitters (NT's), increase production of negative C-fiber NT's, and block production of prostacyclin synthetase (an enzyme required to synthesize an inflammatory prostaglandin) explain why it is used to ease pain and inflammation in the joints or muscles in cases of rheumatism and arthritis. Studies have clearly shown anti-inflammatory behavior through inhibition of PAF (platelet activation factor), as well as antiviral and antiseptic properties. Volatile oil from Juniper berries has long enjoyed a reputation as a diuretic because certain components of the volatile oils act as local nephron irritants and increase glomerular filtration without increasing loss of electrolytes. The dual action of blocking certain aspects of the pain signal transmission route and decreasing inflammatory chemical concentrations in the tissues are key to its function in alleviating symptoms. Juniper berries make an excellent antiseptic in conditions such as cystitis and as a steam inhalant in the management of bronchitis. The bitter action aids digestion and eases flatulent colic.

Juniper has been used since pre-Biblical times in perfumery and cosmetics, beverage flavoring, and as a seasoning for cooking.

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